Keyboard diagram

Keyboard

Keys

Major Key F♯ C♯ G D A E B
Minor key D♯ A♯ E B F♯ C♯ G♯
Sharp count 6 7 1 2 3 4 5

C# Major

Major Key B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ G♭ C♭ F
Minor key G C F B♭ E♭ A♭ D
Flat count 2 3 4 5 6 7 1

Cb Major

Distances between consecutive notes in scales

Major scales

The distances between the notes in a major scale are tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone.

C Major Scale

Harmonic minor scales

The distances between the notes in a harmonic minor scale are tone, semitone, tone, tone, semitone, tone and a half, semitone.

A Minor Scale

Terms

Italian term Abbrev. or sign Meaning
Andante — at an easy walking pace
Moderato — at a moderate speed
Allegro — lively and fast
Allegretto — moderately fast
Rallentando rall. gradually becoming slower
Ritardando rit. / ritard. gradually becoming slower
A tempo — return to former speed
Crescendo cresc. gradually becoming louder
Diminuendo dim. gradually becoming softer
Forte f loud
Piano p soft
Mezzo forte mf moderately loud
Mezzo piano mp moderately soft
Legato — smooth, well connected
Staccato — short and detached

Scale degree names

Scale Degree Number Technical Name
1 Tonic
2 Supertonic
3 Mediant
4 Subdominant
5 Dominant
6 Submediant
7 Leading Note

Interval names

Major scale Minor scale
Perfect unison Perfect unison
Major 2nd Major 2nd
Major 3rd Minor 3rd
Perfect 4th Perfect 4th
Perfect 5th Perfect 5th
Major 6th Minor 6th
Major 7th Major 7th
Perfect 8ve Perfect 8ve